Spatial analysis of HIV detection rates among Brazilian young men, 2007-2021.

The main goal of this study was to spatially analyze the HIV epidemic scenario in young men in Brazil, 2007-2021. We used secondary data obtained from the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases. Individuals aged 15-29 years with permanent residence in Brazil who were diagnosed with HIV during the study period were included in the analysis. Municipality HIV age-adjusted detection rates were analyzed through spatial distribution, autocorrelation, and spatiotemporal risk analyses. During the study period, 108,392 HIV cases were reported in young Brazilian men. The HIV epidemic increased territorially in the northern, northeastern, midwestern, and southeastern regions but decreased in the southern region. Although the number of clusters comprising municipalities with high HIV detection rates (hotspots) decreased, new ones appeared, expanded, or stopped changing size. Hotspots and spatio-temporal risk zones (spatial areas with increased HIV detection in a specific period) comprised economically developed municipalities with high demographic density surrounded by less developed municipalities. The period of the spatiotemporal risk zones was between 2008 and 2021. Our study showed that HIV detection rates continue to increase among young Brazilian men, and health authorities should reinforce efforts mainly in capitals and surrounded municipalities in the north, northeast, southeast, and midwest regions.

Prevención primaria del VIH en población inmigrante: análisis de concepto / Prevenção primária do HIV na população imigrante: análise conceitual / Primary HIV prevention in the immigrant population: concept analysis

The strategies established for HIV prevention directed at immigrant populations are diverse and not very specific about the characteristics of these groups. Objective: To analyze the concept of "primary prevention of HIV in the immigrant population". Methodology: The steps suggested by Walker and Avant were followed, so a structured review of the literature in dictionariesand databases (Embase, Pubmed and Ebsco) was carried out. Results: There is no evidence of theexistence of a definition on the specific term, so a proposal is made that encompasses the strategiesidentified in the literature, specific in this population. Conclusions: primary prevention of HIV inmigrants is identified as a great opportunity to strengthen coverage of universal access to vulnerablepopulations, as well as being a complex process that requires a multidisciplinary approach in structural, biomedical and behavioral areas that are developed with the axis being adaptations to cultural needs. (AU)

Las estrategias establecidas para la prevención de VIH dirigidas a poblaciones inmigrantes, son diversas y poco específicas sobre las características de estos grupos. Objetivo: Analizar elconcepto de “prevención primaria del VIH en población inmigrante”. Metodología: Se siguieron lospasos sugeridos por Walker y Avant, por lo que Se realizó una revisión estructurada de la literaturaen diccionarios y bases de datos (Embase, Pubmed y Ebsco). Resultados: No se reporta evidencia dela existencia de una definición sobre el termino especifico, por lo que se realiza una propuesta queenglobe las estrategias identificadas en la literatura, especifica en esta población. Conclusiones: laprevención primaria del VIH en migrantes se identifica como una gran oportunidad para fortalecerla cobertura de acceso universal a poblaciones vulnerables, además de ser un proceso complejo querequiere de un abordaje multidisciplinario en esferas estructurales, biomédicas y conductuales quese desarrollen con el eje ser de adaptaciones a las necesidades culturales. (AU)

As estratégias estabelecidas para a prevenção do HIV direcionadas às populações imigrantes são diversas e pouco específicas sobre as características desses grupos. Objetivo: Analisar o conceito de "prevenção primária do HIV na população imigrante". Metodologia: Foram seguidas asetapas sugeridas por Walker e Avant, sendo realizada uma revisão estruturada da literatura emdicionários e bancos de dados (Embase, Pubmed e Ebsco. Resultados: Não há evidências da existência de uma definição sobre o termo específico, portanto é feita uma proposta que engloba as estratégias identificadas na literatura, específicas nessa população. Conclusões: A prevenção primária doHIV em migrantes é identificada como uma grande oportunidade para fortalecer a cobertura doacesso universal a populações vulneráveis, além de ser um processo complexo que requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar em áreas estruturais, biomédicas e comportamentais desenvolvidas com oeixo sendo adaptações às necessidades culturais. (AU)

Factors associated with the use of personal protective equipment among Brazilian physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: The objective was to analyze the factors associated with use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among Brazilian physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020 with 1298 Brazilian physicians. The respondent driven sampling technique was used by sharing the survey through social media. RESULTS: Factors associated with the use of PPE while caring for COVID-19 patients were: being female (AOR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.24-1.98; p ≤ 0.001); working in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (AOR = 2.78; 95% CI: 2.06-3.75; p ≤ 0.001); training (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.25-2.09; p ≤ 0.001); access to sufficient PPE (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.27-3.90; p = 0.0050), and PPE of good quality (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.16-2.92; p = 0.009). The following factors were associated with the use of recommended PPE during procedures that generate aerosols in the context of COVID-19: working in the ICU (ORA=2.73; 95% CI: 2.06-3.62; p < 0.01); working in a field hospital (AOR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.06-1.79; p = 0.018;) training (AOR = 1.72 95% CI: 1.32-2.24; p < 0.01); access to sufficient PPE (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 0.91-2.92; p < 0.01), PPE of good quality (AOR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.28-3.35; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with the use of necessary PPE with COVID-19 patients and for procedures that generate aerosols were identified. Educational interventions for professionals and managers must be implemented to direct them towards protecting themselves and others.